The Irish in Australia

by James Francis Hogan

CHAPTER I. A SURVEY OF THE SOUTH: NEW IRELAND IN AUSTRALIA - TWO STREAMS OP EMIGRATION - HOME RULE IN THE COLONIES - FOUR IRISH SPEAKERS - SUCCESSES OF IRISH - AUSTRALIANS IN SEVERAL SPHERES - FRATERNAL SYMPATHY WITH THE IRISH AT HOME - HISTORY OF COLONIZATION - BUCKLEY, "THE WILD WHITE MAN" - SIR RICHARD BOURKE, BEST OF COLONIAL GOVERNORS - THE AGITATION FOR HOME RULE IN VICTORIA - DISCOVERY OF GOLD - THE IRISH ARMY OF DIGGERS - COLONIAL PROGRESS.

CHAPTER II. GREATER BRITAIN'S METROPOLIS: IRISH ELEMENT IN VICTORIA - PROGRESS OF MELBOURNE - TRADE AND COMMERCE - - ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL - - ST. PATRICK'S AND ST. FRANCIS XAVIER'S COLLEGES - ST. PATRICK'S HALL - THE CHURCH OF ST. FRANCIS - IRISH GIRLS, A CREDIT TO THEIR RACE - THE PUBLIC LIBRARY, MUSEUM, AND NATIONAL GALLERY - THEIR FOUNDER, SIR REDMOND BARRY - THE UNIVERSITY - SUCCESSES OF IRISH STUDENTS - THE TOWN HALL AND MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT - MR. ANTHONY TROLLOPE'S ATTACK ON THE IRISHMEN OF MELBOURNE - HIS UNTRUTHFULNESS EXPOSED - A RING OF PROSPEROUS SUBURBS.

CHAPTER III. THE STORY OF BURKE AND WILLS: AMBROSE KYTE - HOW AN IRISH LAD ATTAINED TO OPULENCE - HIS MUNIFI­CENT BENEFACTIONS - STARTS AN EXPLORING EXPEDITION TO CEOSS THE AUSTRALIAN CONTINENT - EOBEET O'HARA BURKE APPOINTED LEADER OP THE EXPEDITION - SETTING OUT AMIDST POPULAR ENTHUSIASM - TEH PEAT SUCCESSFULLY ACCOMPLISHED - BACKWARD MARCH OP THE VICTORS - A RACE FOR LIFE - SERIES OP FATAL MISTAKES - TRAGIC CLOSE OF A BRILLIANT ENTERPRISE - DEATH OF BURKE AND WILLS - KING SAVED BY THE BLACKS - IMPORTANT RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION.

CHAPTER IV. A BIRTHPLACE OF FREEDOM: AN EARLY IRISH EXPLORER - PRIMITIVE SQUATTERS - ESMOND'S DISCOVERY OF GOLD - FEVERISH EXCITEMENT - HUSH OF GOLD - SEEKERS FROM THE OLD WORLD - LARGE PERCENTAGE OF IRISHMEN - THE GOVERNMENT ISSUES LICENCES TO DIG - ARBITRARY AND BRUTAL MODE OF COLLECTING THE LICENCE - FEES - TWO ZEALOUS IRISH PRIESTS - THEIR TREATMENT BY INSO­LENT TROOPERS - GROWING AGITATION FOR REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES - MASS MEETING ON BAKERY HILL - 12,000 DIGGERS BURN THEIR LICENCES - PETER LALOR CHOSEN COMMANDER - IN - CHIEF - THE DIGGERS OCCUPY THE EUREKA STOCKADE - ATTACKED BY THE MILITARY - THE STOCKADE CAP­TURED - DIGGERS CHARGED WITH HIGH TREASON AND ACQUITTED - ABOLITION OF THE HATEFUL LICENCE - FEE - DEMOCRATIC FREEDOM WOK BY THE DIGGERS - DEVELOPMENT OF MINING - DEEP SINKING - REMARK­ABLE CAREER OF THE BAND OF HOPE - FATHER DUNNE, THE PIONEER PRIEST - THE BALLARAT OF TO - DAY.

CHAPTER V. A GOLDEN CITY: SANDHURST, THE GREAT CENTRE OF QUARTZ MINING - AN INVADING - HOST OF DIGGERS - INDIGNANT REMONSTRANCES AGAINST OFFICIAL TYRANNY - THE BANNER OF THE IRISH DIGGERS - " BENDIGO MAC " - HOW HE AVERTED A REBELLION - AN IRISHMAN WHO LITERALLY ROLLED IN WEALTH - AN IRISH DIGGER'S TENT - HIBERNIAN PERSEVERANCE REWARDED - TIPPERARY GULLY - THE " SHAMROCK " - AN ENTERPRISING IRISHMAN - SOME PROMINENT SANDHURST IRISHMEN, AND WHAT THEY HAVE ACHIEVED.

CHAPTER VI. A FEW IRISH CENTRES: GEELONG - ITS EARLY PROSPERITY - MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISE - THREE DISTINGUISHED IRISH PRIESTS - ADDRESS TO SMITH O'BRIEN - IRISH - TOWN - HIBERNIAN TITLES FOR AUSTRALIAN ESTATES - ENORMOUS PRICE OF LAND - VISIT OF SIR RICHARD BOURKE - HIS DESIRE TO MAKE GEE - LONG THE CAPITAL - ITS CATHOLIC INSTITUTIONS - KILMORE - A TYPICAL IRISH CENTRE - LOVE OF KINDRED - LARGE REMITTANCES TO RELATIVES AT HOME - KYNETON - A FLOURISHING COMMUNITY - BELFAST - A CHILD OF THE ULSTER CAPITAL - AN ABSENTEE LANDLORD - AN IMPORTATION OF IRISH FARMERS - A CELEBRATED POTATO COUNTRY - SOBRIETY OF IRISH SETTLERS - GIPPS LAND - ITS WILD LUXURIANCE - A MEMORABLE TOUR OF EXPLORATION - SIR CHARLES GAVAN DUFFY'S LAND ACT - HOW IT PROMOTED THE SETTLEMENT OP GIPPS LAND - "THE GARDEN OF AUSTRALIA" - A MILLION OF MONEY IN DIVIDENDS - THE STRANGE CASE OF PATRICK COADY BUCKLEY.

CHAPTER VII. IRISH IMMIGRANTS IN THE COLONIES: CAROLINE CHISHOLM, " THE EMIGRANT'S FRIEND " - HER PROTECTION OF HOMELESS GIRLS - A DIVINE MISSION - CONVERSION OP A GOVERNOR - THE SYDNEY FEMALE EMIGRANTS' HOME - CORRECTION OF A CRYING EVIL - THE " BUSH JOURNEYS" OF MRS. CHISHOLM - WANTED, A TIPPERARY GIRL - WHAT THE IRISH RACE OWES TO MRS. CHISHOLM - ANECDOTES OF HER PHILANTHROPIC CAREER - LORD SHERBROOEE'S EULOGIUM - A TRI­UMPHANT VINDICATION OF IRISH FEMALE IMMIGRANTS - OFFICIAL TESTI­MONY IN THEIR FAVOUR - LIFE ON AN EMIGRANT SHIP - GENEROSITY AND AFFECTION OF IRISH GIRLS - THE DANGER OF DRUNKENNESS - SOCIAL IMPROVEMENT DURING RECENT YEARS.

CHAPTER VIII. THE VOYAGE OF THE " ERIN - GO - BRAGH: " IRISH EMIGRATION TO QUEENSLAND - THE LABOURS OF FATHER DUNNE - OPPOSITION OF THE GOVERNMENT AGENT - THE LAND - ORDER SYSTEM - CHARTERING OF THE " ERIN - GO - BRAGH " - DESPATCH OF FOUR HUNDRED IRISH EMIGRANTS TO QUEENSLAND - THEIR SETTLEMENT IN NEW HOMES. - A DIABOLICAL DEED OF A BIGOT - NOVEL METHOD OF SETTLING DISPUTES - QUESTIONABLE SOUP - A FEMALE PATRICK - OFFICIAL TESTI­MONY TO THE SUCCESS OF FATHER DUNNE'S EMIGRATION SCHEME - THE "FIERY STAR" - SUCCESSFUL IMMIORANTS - PATERNAL ADVICE TO IRISH YOUTHS AND MAIDENS - SOBRIETY, ENERGY AND PERSEVERANCE.

CHAPTER IX. THE MOTHER OF THE AUSTRALIAS: SYDNEY - THE CENTENNIAL AUSTRALIAN CITY - ITS IRISH MAYOR - ST. MARY'S CATHEDRAL - ST. VINCENT'S HOSPITAL - FOUNDATION OF THE COLONY OF NEW SOUTH WALES - EVILS OP TRANSPORTATION - FORMATION OF THE ANTI - TRANSPORTATION LEAGUE - BOYCOTTING - CONVICT SHIPS - EARLY IRISH PRISONERS - THEIR UNDULY SEVERE SENTENCES - HOW THEY PROSPERED IN NEW SOUTH WALES - THE MEN OF '98 - A WEALTHY PIKE - MAKER - TWO BROTHERS - IN - ARMS AT VINEGAR HILL - GENERAL JOSEPH HOLT - BRAVE MICHAEL DWYER - OFFICIAL TESTIMONY TO THE GOOD QUALITIES OF THE IRISH - THE STRANGE CAREER OP GEORGE BARRINGTON - HIS CELEBRATED PROLOGUE - SIR HENRY HAYES - HOW HE BANISHED THE SNAKES - A TYPICAL CELT - THE VARIED RESOURCES OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

CHAPTER X. FOUR OF THE FAMILY: SOUTH AUSTRALIA - A NOVEL EXPERIMENT IN COLONISATION - RICH COPPER MINES - WHEAT - GROWING CAPABILITIES - IRISH EMIGRATION TO SOUTH AUSTRALIA - ADDRESS OF ST. PATRICK'S SOCIETY TO THEIR COUNTRYMEN AT HOME - WESTERN AUSTRALIA: ITS IMMENSE EXTENT AND UNDEVELOPED RESOURCES - THE LAST OF THE PENAL SETTLEMENTS - FENIAN EXILES: JOHN BOYLE O'REILLY - J.K. CASEY - DR. R.R. MADDEN, COLONIAL SECRETARY - TASMANIA: ITS EARLY DEGRADATION - ITS DELIGHTFUL SCENERY - THE TRANSPORTED MEN OF '48: SMITH O'BRIEN - THOMAS FRANCIS MEAGHER - TERRENCE RELLEW MOMANUS - JOHN MITCHEL - JOHN MARTIN - KEVIN IZOD O'DOHERTY - NEW ZEALAND - MAORI WARS - CAREER OF TE KOOTI - A COURAGEOUS IRISHWOMAN - ACTIVITY AND ENTERPRISE IN THE COLONY - MINERAL WEALTH - LIBERAL IMMIGRATION POLICY - IRISH SETTLEMENT IN THE ISLANDS.

CHAPTER XI THE CHURCH IN THE COLONIES: DEVOTED IRISH PRIESTS - FATHER WALSH, OF OSSOBY - THBEE UNJUSTLY TRANSPORTED PRIESTS, FATHERS DIXON, O'NEIL, AND HAROLD - TYRAN­NICAL POLICY OF THE EARLY GOVERNORS - ARRIVAL OF ARCHPRIEST O'FLINN - HIS ARREST, IMPRISONMENT, AND EXPULSION FROM AUSTRALIA - INTERVENTION OF BISHOP ENGLAND - APPOINTMENT OF FATHERS THERRY AND CONOLLY AS THE FIRST COLONIAL CHAPLAINS - ANECDOTES OF "THE GOOD FATHER THERRY - ARCHDEACON McENCROE AND HIS LABOURS - DR. ULLATHORNE - HIS ORGANISING WORK - SIB RICHAED BOURKE AS GOVERNOR - REVERSAL OF THE OLD ANTI - CATHOLIC POLICY - ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGIOUS EQUALITY - ARRIVAL OF THE FIBST BISHOP, DR. POLDING - ARCHBISHOP VAUG - HAN - CARDINAL MO BAN - AECH - BISHOP GOOLD - THE BISHOP AND THE BUSHRANGERS - DR. GEOGHEGAN - BISHOP REYNOLDS - THE SISTERS OF ST. JOSEPH - THE REV. JULIAN E. TENISON - WOODS - BISHOP WILLSON, "THE APOSTLE OF PRISON REFORM" - DR. MURPHY, THE AUSTRALASIAN NESTOR - DR. CROKE AS BISHOP OF AUCKLAND - THE FIRST AUSTRALASIAN PLENARY COUNCIL - TRIUMPH OP CATHOLICITY IN THE COLONIES.

CHAPTER XII. A GROUP OF STATESMEN: SIR JOHN O'SHANASSY - ORANGE OUTRAGES - RIOTING IN MELBOURNE - ST. PATRICK'S SOCIETY - SIR CHARLES GAVAN DUFFY - HIS ENTHUSIASTIC WELCOME TO AUSTRALIA - THE FATHER OF AUSTRALIAN FEDERATION - SETTLING THE PEOPLE ON THE LANDS - THE DUFFY LAND ACT - A SERIES OF STRIKING LECTURES - SIR BRYAN O'LOGHLEN - HIS RAPID POLITICAL PROMOTION - WILSON GRAY, PRESIDENT OF THE LAND CONTENTION - MICHAEL O'GRADY - THE GLENVEIGH EXILES - A BENEFACTOR TO HIS RACE - THE HON. NICHOLAS FITZGERALD - WILLIAM CHARLES WENTWORTH, "THE AUSTRALIAN PATRIOT."

CHAPTER XIII. NOTABLE IRISH - AUSTRALIANS: THE EIGHT HON. W. B. DALLEY, F.C. - SIR WILLIAM FOSTER STAWELL - MR. JUSTICE MOLESWORTH - CHIEF JUSTICE HIGINBOTHAM - SIB REDMOND BAHRY - THE HON. E. D. IRELAND, Q.C. - THE HON. JOHN HUBERT I'LTJN - KETT, Q.C. - THE HON. EDWAED BUTLER, Q.C. - SIR HOGER THERBY - SIR PATRICK JENNINGS - DR. KEVIN IZOD O'DOHERTY - SIB MAURICE Q'CONNELL - SIR AETHUE PALMER - SIR JOSHUA PETER BELL - HON. J. M. MACROSSAN - IRISH - AUSTRALIAN VICEROYS - SIR RICHARD BOURKE - LOKD LISGAR - SIR HERCULES ROBINSON - SIR DOMINICK DALY - SIR RICHARD McDONNELL - SIR GEORGE KINGSTON - SIR GEORGE BOWEN - SIR RICHARD DRY - SIR GEORGE GREY.

CHAPTER XIV. LITERATURE, SCIENCE AND ART: MARCUS CLARKE, AUSTRALIA'S PREMIER NOVELIST - EDWARD WHITTY - DANIEL HENRY DENIEHY - DR. HEARN - PROFESSOR McCOY - EDMUND HAYES - HIS COLLECTION OF IRISH BALLAD POETRY - "THE DREAM OF DAMPIER " - WILLIAM CARLETON, jun. - JOHN FINNAMORE - RODERICK FLANAGAN - WILLIAM VINCENT WALLACE - COMPOSITION OF " MARITANA " - CHEQUERED CAREER OF A MUSICAL GENIUS.